Fractional heat conduction in multilayer spherical bodies
Stanisław Kukla
,Urszula Siedlecka
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics |
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@article{Kukla_2016, doi = {10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.09}, url = {https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.09}, year = 2016, publisher = {The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {83--92}, author = {Stanisław Kukla and Urszula Siedlecka}, title = {Fractional heat conduction in multilayer spherical bodies}, journal = {Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics} }
TY - JOUR DO - 10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.09 UR - https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.09 TI - Fractional heat conduction in multilayer spherical bodies T2 - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics JA - J Appl Math Comput Mech AU - Kukla, Stanisław AU - Siedlecka, Urszula PY - 2016 PB - The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology SP - 83 EP - 92 IS - 4 VL - 15 SN - 2299-9965 SN - 2353-0588 ER -
Kukla, S., & Siedlecka, U. (2016). Fractional heat conduction in multilayer spherical bodies. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 15(4), 83-92. doi:10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.09
Kukla, S. & Siedlecka, U., 2016. Fractional heat conduction in multilayer spherical bodies. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 15(4), pp.83-92. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.09
[1]S. Kukla and U. Siedlecka, "Fractional heat conduction in multilayer spherical bodies," Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 83-92, 2016.
Kukla, Stanisław, and Urszula Siedlecka. "Fractional heat conduction in multilayer spherical bodies." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics 15.4 (2016): 83-92. CrossRef. Web.
1. Kukla S, Siedlecka U. Fractional heat conduction in multilayer spherical bodies. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics. The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology; 2016;15(4):83-92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.09
Kukla, Stanisław, and Urszula Siedlecka. "Fractional heat conduction in multilayer spherical bodies." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics 15, no. 4 (2016): 83-92. doi:10.17512/jamcm.2016.4.09
FRACTIONAL HEAT CONDUCTION IN MULTILAYER SPHERICAL BODIES
Stanisław Kukla, Urszula Siedlecka
Institute of Mathematics, Czestochowa
University of Technology
Częstochowa, Poland
stanislaw.kukla@im.pcz.pl, urszula.siedlecka@im.pcz.pl
Received: 29
September 2016; accepted: 02 November 2016
Abstract. In this paper an analytical solution of the time-fractional heat conduction problem in a spherical coordinate system is presented. The considerations deal the two-dimensional problem in multilayer spherical bodies including a hollow sphere, hemisphere and spherical wedge. The mathematical Robin conditions are assumed. The solution is a sum of time-dependent function satisfied homogenous boundary conditions and of a solution of the steady-state problem. Numerical example shows the temperature distributions in the hemisphere for various order of time-derivative.
Keywords: heat conduction, multilayer bodies, Caputo derivative, spherical coordinate
1. Introduction
The heat conduction in multilayer bodies with assumption of the Fourier law of heat transfer has been considered by Özişik in book [1]. Derivations of the temperature distributions in the bodies in rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems were presented. The heat conduction in layered spheres with time-dependent boundary conditions assuming spherical symmetry was the subject of paper [2]. A solution of the heat conduction problem for a two-dimensional multi-layered sphere, hemisphere, spherical cone and spherical wedge presents paper [3].
A generalization of the Fourier law leads to a fractional heat conduction equation. The fractional differential equation governing the heat equation includes the fractional derivatives with respect to time and/or space variables. Properties of the fractional derivatives and methods to the solution of the fractional differential equations are presented in books [4-6]. A method of solution of a time-frac-tional heat conduction equation in a solid sphere has been discussed by Ning and Jiang in paper [7]. The time-fractional heat conduction in a multi-layered solid sphere assuming spherical symmetry was the subject of paper [8]. Heat conduction modelling using fractional order derivatives is presented by Žecová and J. Terpák in paper [9].
In this paper, an analytical solution of the time-fractional heat conduction for two-dimensional multilayered spherical bodies is presented. The condition for ensuring the perfect contact at interfaces and the mathematical Robin boundary conditions at boundary surfaces are assumed.
2. Formulation of the problem
Consider n spherical concentric layers which are in perfect thermal contact. The i-th layer () occupied a region described by the spherical coordinates: , (), , where is the radial coordinate, is the polar angle and is the azimuthal angle (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. A schematic diagram of the n-layered hemisphere
We suppose that the i-th layer is characterized by constant thermal conductivity and constant thermal diffusivity . Moreover, assuming that the temperature doesn’t depend on the azimuthal angle, the time fractional heat conduction in the layers is governed by the following differential equation [10]:
(1) |
where denotes fractional order of the Caputo derivative with respect to time , . The Caputo derivative is defined by [11]
(2) |
In order to simplify the equation (1) we introduce a new variable which is related to the polar angle by
(3) |
Taking into account this relationship in equation (1) we obtain
(4) |
where . The differential equations (4) are complemented by boundary conditions and the conditions providing the perfect thermal contact of the neigh-bouring layers. The mathematical conditions are [2, 10]
(5) |
(6) |
or | (7) |
(8) |
(9) |
where are inner and outer heat transfer coefficients and are inner and outer ambient temperatures. The initial condition is assumed in the form
(10) |
3. Solution of the problem
We search a solution to the problem (1), (4)-(10) in the form of a sum
(11) |
where the function satisfies homogeneous fractional heat conduction differential equation and homogeneous boundary conditions and the function is a solution of a steady-state problem. Substituting the solution (11) into equations (1), (4)-(10) we obtain the problems for the functions and . For we have
(12) |
(13) |
(14) |
or | (15) |
(16) |
(17) |
(18) |
The functions satisfy the following boundary problem
(19) |
(20) |
(21) |
or | (22) |
(23) |
(24) |
3.1. Solution to the homogeneous problem
We find the time dependent function as a solution of the problem (12)-(18), by using the separation of variables method. Substituting the product of functions
(25) |
into equation (12), we obtain three differential equations
(26) |
(27) |
(28) |
where, and are separation constants.
Solution of the equation (26)
Assuming that , the general solution of equation (26) can be written in the form
(29) |
where and are the Legendre functions of order . Because , we assume . Taking into account that
(30) |
and substituting function in the form (25) into equation (15), we obtain an eigenvalue equation
or | (31) |
Solving equation (31a) or (31b), we obtain a sequence of roots . The functions corresponding to the values of create an orthogonal system of functions, i.e. the functions satisfy the orthogonality condition
(32) |
Solution of the equation (27)
The general solution of equation (27) has the form
(33) |
where and are spherical Bessel functions of the first and second kind, respectively. Substituting function into equation (25) and next, the obtained function into conditions (13)-(14) and (16)-(17), the system of homogeneous equations is received. We rewrite the equation system in the matrix form
(34) |
where and .
The non-zero solutions of equation (34) exist for these values of for which the determinant of the matrix disappears, i.e.
(35) |
Solving this equation for , the sequences of are obtained. For each value of , the coefficients occurring in equation (33) are determined by solving equation (34). The functions corresponding to the values of satisfy the orthogonality condition
(36) |
Solution of the equation (28)
Based on the orthogonality conditions (32), (36) and using (25) in the condition (18), we find the initial condition for the function
(37) |
The solution of the fractional differential equation (28) satisfying the initial condition (37) has the form
(38) |
where is Mittag-Leffler function [12].
Ultimately, using (25), (30), (33) and (38), we have
(39) |
where is given by equation (38).
3.2. Solution to the steady-state problem
We seek a solution of the problem (19)-(24) in the form of a series
(40) |
where are roots of the equation (31a) or (31b). Substituting the function into equation (19) we obtain an Euler differential equation
(41) |
Next, taking into account function (40) in equations (20)-(21) and (23)-(24) and using the orthogonality condition (32), the boundary conditions for the functions are obtained
(42) |
(43) |
(44) |
(45) |
The general solution of the Euler equation (41) has the form
(46)
Substitution (46) in conditions (42)-(45) gives linear non-homogeneous equations which can be written in the matrix form
(47)
where , and . The equation (47) is than solved with respect to unknown . The determined coefficients are then used in equation (46). Thus, the function as a solution of the steady-state problem is given by equation (40) where the functions are defined by equation (46).
Finally, the temperature distribution in the spherical layers received on the basis of the fractional heat conduction model is given by equation (11), (39) and (40).
4. Numerical example
We use the solution of the heat conduction problem derived in Section 3 to numerical calculations of the temperature distribution in a layered hemisphere (). We assume that zero temperature is established at the surface , i.e. the boundary conditions (15a) and (22a), are satisfied. The considered hemisphere consists of five concentric layers whose locations are determined by non-dimensional radii: , where . The non-dimensional radii , thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity in the i-th layer of the sphere are: , , , i = 1,…,5. The inner and outer heat transfer coefficients are: , the inner and outer ambient temperatures are: and the initial temperature is assumed as constant: . The computations were performed for various values of the order of fractional time-derivative: . The temperature distributions on the surfaces of the layers determined for , are shown in Figures 2a-d. The temperature depends on the order of the time-derivative occurring in the heat conduction model. This dependence is more significant for higher temperature of the sphere.
Fig. 2. The non-dimensional temperatures at outer surface and at interfaces of the layered hemisphere: a) , b) , c) , d)
5. Conclusions
An analytical solution of the problem of time-fractional heat conduction in two-dimensional multi-layer spherical bodies has been presented. The formulation of the problem includes the heat conduction in the spherical bodies which occupied regions defined by finite intervals of the radial coordinate and polar angle. The conditions to perfect contact at interfaces and the mathematical Robin boundary conditions were assumed. The derived solution applies to the bodies consisting of an arbitrary number of layers which are characterized by different thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. The numerical example shows that the order of fractional time-derivative is of significant importance for temperature distribution in the body. The temperature at the outer surface and at interfaces of the layered hemisphere is lower order of the fractional time-derivative. The further research will take into consideration the fractional heat conduction in spherical multilayer bodies with time-dependent boundary conditions.
References
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[3] Jain P.K., Singh S., Rizwan-uddin, An exact analytical solution for two-dimensional, unsteady, multilayer heat conduction in spherical coordinates, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2010, 53, 2133-2142.
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