About one method of finding expected incomes in HM-queueing network with positive customers and signals
Mikhail Matalytski
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics |
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@article{Matalytski_2016, doi = {10.17512/jamcm.2016.1.09}, url = {https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.1.09}, year = 2016, publisher = {The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {87--98}, author = {Mikhail Matalytski}, title = {About one method of finding expected incomes in HM-queueing network with positive customers and signals}, journal = {Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics} }
TY - JOUR DO - 10.17512/jamcm.2016.1.09 UR - https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.1.09 TI - About one method of finding expected incomes in HM-queueing network with positive customers and signals T2 - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics JA - J Appl Math Comput Mech AU - Matalytski, Mikhail PY - 2016 PB - The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology SP - 87 EP - 98 IS - 1 VL - 15 SN - 2299-9965 SN - 2353-0588 ER -
Matalytski, M. (2016). About one method of finding expected incomes in HM-queueing network with positive customers and signals. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 15(1), 87-98. doi:10.17512/jamcm.2016.1.09
Matalytski, M., 2016. About one method of finding expected incomes in HM-queueing network with positive customers and signals. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 15(1), pp.87-98. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.1.09
[1]M. Matalytski, "About one method of finding expected incomes in HM-queueing network with positive customers and signals," Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 87-98, 2016.
Matalytski, Mikhail. "About one method of finding expected incomes in HM-queueing network with positive customers and signals." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics 15.1 (2016): 87-98. CrossRef. Web.
1. Matalytski M. About one method of finding expected incomes in HM-queueing network with positive customers and signals. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics. The Publishing Office of Czestochowa University of Technology; 2016;15(1):87-98. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17512/jamcm.2016.1.09
Matalytski, Mikhail. "About one method of finding expected incomes in HM-queueing network with positive customers and signals." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics 15, no. 1 (2016): 87-98. doi:10.17512/jamcm.2016.1.09
ABOUT ONE METHOD OF FINDING EXPECTED INCOMES IN HM-QUEUEING NETWORK WITH POSITIVE CUSTOMERS AND SIGNALS
Mikhail Matalytski
Institute of Mathematics, Czestochowa
University of Technology
Częstochowa, Poland
m.matalytski@gmail.com
Abstract. In the paper an open Markov HM(Howard-Matalytski)-Queueing Network (QN) with incomes, positive customers and signals (G(Gelenbe)-QN with signals) is investigated. The case is researched, when incomes from the transitions between the states of the network are random variables (RV) with given mean values. In the main part of the paper a description is given of G-network with signals and incomes, all kinds of transition probabilities and incomes from the transitions between the states of the network. The method of finding expected incomes of the researched network was proposed, which is based on using of found approximate and exact expressions for the mean values of random incomes. The variances of incomes of queueing systems (QS) was also found. A calculation example, which illustrates the differences of expected incomes of HM-networks with negative customers and QN without them and also with signals, has been given. The practical significance of these results consist of that they can be used at forecasting incomes in computer systems and networks (CSN) taking into account virus penetration into it and also at load control in such networks.
Keywords: HM-queueing network, positive and negative customers, signals, expected incomes, transient regime
1. Introduction
For the first time Markov nets with positive customers and signals were introduced and investigated at the non-stationary behavior by E. Gelenbe, see [1]. The action of the signal consists of instantaneous movement of positive customers of this system to some other network system. The signal may work as a trigger, which doesn’t destroy the customers, but only moves them instantly with a given probability of a given system to another network system.
In developing models of computer viruses we can use negative customers. And for load control in the network can be inputted signals (triggers). When viruses penetrate into computers in the information system, it suffers costs or losses due to the loss of information or CSN distortion. The accounting of the losses in CSN can be realized with the help of a Markov QN model with incomes (HM-networks), positive and negative customers and signals.
In this paper, an open Markov HM-network with positive and negative customers, signals, when the incomes from the transitions between the states of the network are random variables (RV) with time-dependent customer servicing in the systems has been carried out. The expressions for the variances of incomes of queueing systems (QS) was also obtained.
A description of the network is given in [2, 3]. Signal, coming in an empty system (in which there are no positive customers), does not have any impact on the network and immediately disappeared from it. Otherwise, if the system is not empty, when it receives a signal, the following events may occur: incoming signal instantly moves the positive customer from the system into the system with probability in this case, signal is referred to as a trigger; or with probability signal is triggered by a negative customer and destroys in QS positive customer. The state of the network meaning the vector where - the number of customers at the moment of time at the system , .
2. Description of incomes from the transitions between the states of the network
Let - time of customers service in the system with the distribution function (DF) , . Consider the dynamics of income changes of a network system , . Let at the initial moment of time the income of this QS be equal to . We are interested in income at time t. The income of its QS at moment time can be represented in the form , where - income changes of the system at the time interval , .
To find the income of the system we write the conditional probabilities of the events that may occur during . The following cases are possible:
1) with probability to the system from the external environment a positive customer will arrive, which will bring an income in the amount of , where - RV with expectation (E) of which equals , ;
2) with probability in the QS from the external environment a signal will arrive, which will bring an income (loss) in the amount of signal is triggered by a negative customer and destroys in QS positive customer, which will bring a loss in the amount of , where - RV with E , ;
3) the incoming signal instantly moves the positive customer from the system into the system probability of this event equals , by this transition the income of is reduced by the amount , and income of is increased by this amount, where, - RV with E , ;
4) with probability a positive customer will depart from the network to the external environment, while the total amount of income of QS is reduced by an amount which is equal to , where - RV with E , ;
5) with probability a customer from the system transit to the system as a signal, if in it there were no customers, and the income of is reduced by the amount , where - RV with E , ;
6) a customer from the QS transit to the system with probability , by such a transition the income of system is reduced by the amount and the income of system is increased by this amount, , ,
7) with probability positive customer transit from the system to the system , wherein the income of the QS will increase by the value of , and the income of is reduced by this amount, , ,
8) after finishing servicing of a positive customer in QS it is sent to as a signal, which is triggered by a negative customer and destroyed in QS positive customer; the probability of this event equals ; wherein the income of the QS will reduce by value , and the income of is reduced also by the amount, , ,
9) after finishing servicing of positive customer in QS , it is sent to as a signal, which instantly moves the positive customer from the system into the system the probability of this event equals , , , by such a transition the income of system and reduced by the amount , and income of system is increased by this amount respectively, where - RV with the E , ,
10) with probability on time interval network state will not change;
11) for every small time interval system because of customers’ presence in it increases its income by the amount of , where - RV with the E , .
3. Finding the expected incomes of the network systems
Income changes of the QS on interval can be written as:
(1) |
Let us find the expression for the expected income of the system in time suppose, all the network systems operate under heavy-traffic regime, i.e. Taking into account (1) for the E or income changes we can write:
Then, similarly as in [3], we obtain
(2) |
4. Finding variances of the incomes of the network systems
As in [4], system income can be presented in form , where - count of partitions of the interval by equal parts, ; - income changes i-th QS on l-th time interval, , . To calculate the variance of the system income in the network, we introduce the following designations:
Let us consider the square of the difference
(3) |
Let us find the expectations of summands in the right side of the last equality. For this we write support equalities considering that RV and functions of RV , , , , , , , , pairwise independent from , . Then
, | (4) |
, | (5) |
, | (6) |
, | (7) |
, | (8) |
, | (9) |
, | (10) |
. | (11) |
Considering (4)-(11), we have:
(12) |
Insofar as the values and are independent at using (12) one can find
(13) |
Then, further, passing to the limit from (3), (12), (13) and also, that obtain
(14) |
Now let us find an expression for , using (2):
(15) |
In this way, the variance of income of i-th QS, considering (14), (15), can be written in the form
(16) |
5. Numerical example
As is known (see [5]), relation for the expected income of the system in the case, where there are no negative customers in the network and all systems operate in a heavy-traffic regime, has the form:
(17) |
where: - input rate of customers; - probability of a customer arriving to the system , , ; - probability that the customer which finished servicing in i-th QS move to j-th QS, , ; - probability of the departure of a customer, . Relation for the expected income of the system with negative customers but without considering input signals, can be written as [6]:
(18) |
Let n = 10; input rates of positive customers and signals and respectively equal , , . Service rates of customers equal , , , , , , , . Let us transition probabilities of positive customers respectively equal: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , other equal zero. Probabilities, that were serviced in , move to as negative, equal: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , other equal zero. Departure probabilities equal , . Probabilities of a signal arriving, which are instantly moves the positive customer from the system to the system respectively equal: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , other equal zero. Probabilities that signal is triggered as a negative customer and destroys in QS positive customer equal: , , , , , , , , , .
Let us set values for the required expectations: , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , other equal zero.
Expectations for the random system of incomes has been calculated. Their values have the form: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
Let us suppose that income at the initial time equals . Consider the length of the time interval of 10 hours, , . Then using formulas (2), (17), (18) analytical expressions have been found for the expected system incomes of the networks.
In Figure 1, income changes is shown of the QS for HM-network with negative customers and without them, and also with signals. One can see that the negative customers reduce expected income of the system Signals inputting also influence the income changes, reducing it.
Fig. 1. Income changes of the S2 QS, solid line - a case without negative customers, dashed - a case with negative customers, dotted - taking into account the signals
6. Conclusions
In this paper a method was proposed for finding expected incomes in HM-network systems with positive and negative customers and also with signals. Incomes from the transitions between the states of the network are RV with given mean values. This method is based on the using of found approximate and exact expressions for the mean values of the random incomes. An example was calculated. The expres- sions for the variances of incomes of QS was obtained. The obtained results can be used in modeling income changes in various CSN, the virus penetration into it, and also to load control in CSN.
References
[1] Gelenbe E., G-networks with triggered customer movement, Journal of Applied Probability 1993, 30, 742-748.
[2] Matalytski M., Naumenko V., Investigation of G-network with signals at transient behavior, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics 2014, 13(1), 75-86.
[3] Naumenko V., Matalytski M., Finding the expected incomes in the Markov G-network with signals, Vestnik of GrSU. A Series of Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science, Computer Facilities and Management 2014, 2, 134-143.
[4] Naumenko V., Matalytski M., Investigation and application of G-networks with incomes and signals with random time activation Vestnik of GrSU. A Series of Mathematics, Physics, Computer Science, Computer Facilities and Management 2014, 3, 142-152.
[5] Matalytski M., On some results in analysis and optimization of Markov networks with incomes and their application, Automation and Remote Control 2009, 70(10), 1683-1697.
[6] Naumenko V., Matalytski M., Analysis of Markov net with incomes, positive and negative customers, Informatics 2014, 1, 5-14.